Improbable things happen

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Improbable things happen all the time.

Creationists, anti-evolutionists and all manner of non-rationalists like to disparage their opponents or bolster their own arguments by pointing out the improbability of something happening. But, improbable things happen all the time, because the "improbability" is an illusion based on our preconceptions, and not a statistical truth.

In short, "improbability" does not imply "impossibility".

[edit] Example: same birthday

Consider a party attended by thirty people: what are the chances that two of them have the same birthday? One in twelve, or, roughly 8% (30/365)? No, the odds are significantly better than even; in fact there is a 70.6% probability.

[edit] Example: the amazing coin predictor

Imagine someone who could predict the random toss of a coin ten times in a row. Surely that person must be psychic or incredibly lucky?

No, they are just happen to be the random 1 in 1000 for whom the statistics are favorable.

If we have 1000 people, or for the sake of exact numbers 1024 people, who are asked to predict the toss of a coin. Assuming half will always call tails and the other half will call heads then 512 will get it right once. On a second toss half (256) of the first group will again guess right. Subsequent tosses will halve the number of people who get it right until after 10 tosses one person will have been right 10 times in a row. On such statistical streaks are the careers of stock-pickers and other charlatans built.

[edit] See also

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